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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Penang Hokkien ： ウィキペディア英語版 Penang Hokkien Penang Hokkien () is a local variant of Hokkien Chinese spoken in Penang, Malaysia. It is the ''lingua franca'' among the majority Chinese population in Penang as well as other northern states of Malaysia surrounding it, and is a subdialect of Zhangzhou (漳州; Hokkien: Chiang-chiu) Chinese, together with widespread use of Malay and English borrowed words. It is predominantly a spoken dialect: it is rarely written in Chinese characters, and there is no standard romanisation. This article uses the Missionary Romanisation or ''Pe̍h-ōe-jī'' (白話字) which is common in Taiwan. Penang Hokkien is based on the variety of Hokkien spoken in the Zhangzhou prefecture of Fujian. It is said that it most closely resembles that spoken in the district of Haicang (海滄) in Longhai (龍海; Hokkien: Liông-hái) county and in the districts of Jiaomei (角美) and Xinglin (杏林) in neighbouring Xiamen prefecture. In Southeast Asia, similar dialects are spoken in the states bordering Penang (Kedah, Perlis and northern Perak), as well as in Medan and North Sumatra, Indonesia. In contrast, in Singapore and southern Malaysia, many Hokkien speakers speak a dialect closer to the Amoy (廈門; Hokkien: ε̄-mûiⁿ) standard. ==Tones== In Penang Hokkien, there are five tones in unchecked syllables (high, low, rising, high falling, and low falling), and two ''Entering'' tones (high and low) in checked syllables. In most systems of romanisation, this is accounted as seven tones altogether. The tones are: The names of the tones no longer bear any relation to the tone contours, e.g. the (upper) ''Rising'' (2nd) tone is actually a high falling tone. As in Amoy and Zhangzhou, there is no lower ''Rising'' (6th) tone. As in Zhangzhou, the two ''Departing'' tones (3rd & 7th) are virtually identical, and may not be distinguished except in their sandhi forms. Most native speakers of Penang Hokkien are therefore only aware of four tones (high, low, rising, high falling). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penang Hokkien」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.